Jade is best known as green, but natural jade also comes in lavender, white, yellow, black, red and blue, and a single stone can carry several colors at once. Each color has its own cause, its own meanings in Chinese tradition and in Western crystal practice, and its own place in the market, though no color by itself proves that a stone is natural. This guide sets each color's meaning, rarity and value side by side, because color is usually the first thing people choose by when they buy jade jewelry.
What color is jade?
As a color name, jade is a medium bluish green, usually given as #00A86B in color references, and "jade green" has been used in English since at least 1892, according to Maerz and Paul's A Dictionary of Color. As a stone, jade comes in many more colors, and a white or lavender stone is just as much jade as a green one.
What colors does jade come in naturally?
Natural jade comes in more colors than most people expect. Jadeite, the jade of most fine jewelry today, shows the widest range: green, lavender, white, yellow, black, red, orange and blue. Nephrite, the jade of China's long carving tradition, runs mostly to white, green, yellow, gray, brown and black. Our guide to Chinese jade varieties explains the two materials.
This guide sorts natural jade into eight color families: green, lavender, white, yellow, black, red, blue and multi-color. Orange, brown, gray and pink are covered as shades between them.
Every jade color at a glance
Here is the whole spectrum before we go into each color.
| Color | Usual cause (varies by material and source) | Trade names you'll see | Rarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green | Chromium in jadeite; iron in most nephrite | Imperial, kingfisher, apple, spinach, moss-in-snow | Common to extremely rare at the top |
| Lavender / purple | Manganese | 粉紫 pink lavender, 淡紫 light lavender, 蓝紫 blue-violet, 茄紫 eggplant, 帝王紫 imperial purple | Very rare in saturated grades |
| White | Almost none of the coloring elements; light scattering makes it look white | 冰种 icy white, 玻璃种 glassy white (jadeite); 羊脂白 mutton-fat (nephrite) | Common in everyday grades; fine glassy white jadeite and fine mutton-fat nephrite are rare |
| Yellow | In jadeite, mostly iron oxides from the weathered skin; in nephrite, iron in the stone itself | 鸡油黄 chicken-fat, 蜜糖黄 honey | Less common |
| Black | Omphacite and iron in most black jadeite, graphite in some; high iron or graphite in nephrite | True black, dark-green-read-as-black | Common; fine, even black is scarce |
| Red | Iron oxides in the weathered rind | Orange, orange-red, true red | Red skin is common; fine true red is very scarce |
| Blue | Iron, sometimes with omphacite | Olmec blue, 蓝水 blue water, 晴水 qingshui | Blue-green is fairly common; fine blue water and true blue are rare |
| Multi-color | Two or more of the above in one stone | 三彩玉 three-color, 福禄寿 Fu Lu Shou, 飘花翡翠 floating flower | Varies widely; vivid, well-placed combinations are rare |
Dyed material can look more vivid than natural jade, so every color below assumes certified Type A jadeite or natural, undyed nephrite.
Jade color meanings chart
Jade color meanings differ by tradition. In Chinese culture they draw on five-element thinking, imperial custom, wordplay and modern feng shui; in Western crystal practice, each color is commonly paired with a chakra, though practitioners don't all agree on every pairing. Our guide to jade's symbolism covers the traditions behind them.
| Color | Chinese tradition and feng shui | Western crystal practice | Common chakra pairing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green | A rising career and income (the word for green sounds like the word for an official's salary, and in Cantonese the two are identical); growth; Wood and the east | Harmony, growth, loyal love | Heart |
| Lavender | Good fortune on its way (the saying "purple air comes from the east"); refinement | Calm and spiritual awareness | Crown |
| White | Purity, integrity, peace; Metal and the west | Calm, focus, clarity | Crown |
| Yellow | Dignity; in modern feng shui, wealth that stays put; Earth and the center | Confidence, warmth, optimism | Solar plexus |
| Black | Turning away bad luck; in modern feng shui, keeping wealth; Water and the north | Protection, stability, strength | Root |
| Red | Celebration, good fortune, protection in your own zodiac year; Fire and the south | Vitality and courage, "the warrior stone" | Root |
| Blue | Calm and clarity; classical Chinese used one word, qing, for blue and green, so blue shares Wood and the east with green, while modern feng shui places it with Water | Honest self-expression, clear communication, calm under pressure | Throat |
| Multi-color | Fu Lu Shou stones stand for happiness, prosperity and long life | Combines the meanings of its colors | Depends on the colors |
These are beliefs held within each tradition, set out so you can see what each color stands for. They are not promises of luck, wealth or health, and jade is not a substitute for medical care.
How jade gets its colors: the chemistry in plain language
Jade gets its color in four ways: trace elements taken into the crystals as the stone forms, other minerals mixed into the stone, iron oxides that seep in later along grain boundaries and fractures, and the way light scatters inside it. Pure jadeite is colorless; as GIA's study of Burmese jade explains, jadeite jade looks white because light scatters off fine fractures and the boundaries between its grains.
The Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF names three coloring elements in jadeite:
- Chromium produces vivid greens. A small amount gives the saturated green of imperial jadeite, and very high chromium, in the related mineral kosmochlor, turns the stone dark green to almost black.
- Iron gives duller greens that turn grayish and then black as its concentration rises. Iron is behind most of nephrite's color, its greens included, and iron oxides that seep in after the rough is exposed to weather produce the yellow, orange, red and brown range.
- Manganese produces lavender. A 2025 study in the journal Crystals traced both the chromium behind green jadeite and the manganese behind lavender to manganese-rich chromite, and found that lavender appears where manganese is relatively high and chromium is absent.
Where a stone comes from shows in its color. Chromium-rich Burmese jadeite gives the brightest greens. Guatemalan jadeite runs more to darker, bluer and grayer tones, mostly from iron, though Guatemala also produces the nearly colorless, highly transparent stone the trade calls ice jade, as GIA has documented. Hetian nephrite from Xinjiang is mostly white or an iron-tinted green.
Green jade: the classic and the standard
Green is the most common jade color in both jadeite and nephrite, and it also holds the most valuable category of jade in the world, imperial green jadeite. It is not one color, though. The trade has a set of names for its greens; they are trade descriptions rather than official grades, and different dealers draw the lines in different places.
| Common trade name | Chinese | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Imperial green | 帝王绿 | Deeply saturated semi-translucent emerald; vivid without being neon, even distribution, light penetrating a few millimeters before diffusing softly |
| Kingfisher green | 翠绿 | A step below imperial; slightly less saturated but still vivid. The practical "fine quality" green most collectors actually acquire |
| Apple green | 苹果绿 | Lighter, more yellow-tinged; cheerful rather than imperial. Popular for daily wear |
| Spinach green | 菠菜绿 | Mainly nephrite. Deeper, grounded green with gray undertones. Classic Siberian and Canadian color |
| Moss-in-snow | 白底青 | Translucent white jadeite with bright green veining running through it |
Our imperial jade color guide puts imperial green beside apple green and icy jadeite. Imperial green is also often likened to emerald green, and our comparison of jade and emerald explains how the two gems differ.
Neither light nor dark green is better in itself. Among our customers, light green sells a little more because it suits everyday wear, while men almost always choose a deep green. In Chinese tradition green stands for growth and a rising career and income, a story our guide to green jade meaning tells in full.
Lavender jade: the second crown
Lavender is the second most valuable jadeite color. GIA calls lavender "the next most valuable color" after green and notes that intense colors "command a substantial premium over lighter and weaker colors," and fine lavender bead necklaces have brought high prices at Hong Kong jewelry auctions. The color comes from manganese. In the Chinese trade, purple jadeite as a whole is called chun, or "spring," and its shades run from pale to deep:
| Shade | Chinese | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Pink lavender | 粉紫 (冰粉紫 when icy) | Purple with a warm pink cast, not bright pink; the pinkest end of lavender |
| Light lavender | 淡紫 | Pale, soft purple, sometimes grayish. The most common lavender |
| Blue-violet | 蓝紫 | Cool purple with a blue cast |
| Eggplant purple | 茄紫 | Deep, dark purple like the skin of a ripe eggplant |
| Imperial purple | 帝王紫 | The most saturated, even purple, and very rare |
Lavender has its own trade saying, "ten purples, nine coarse": strong purple usually comes with coarse texture, and fine texture usually comes with pale color, which is why a lavender that has both is so hard to find. In Chinese tradition lavender carries the saying "purple air comes from the east," a sign that good fortune is on its way. Our guide to lavender jade meaning covers each shade, what purple means in each tradition and why lavender looks different in daylight.
White jade: purity and the imperial nephrite tradition
White jade splits in two by material, and the difference matters more in white than in any other color.
| Common trade name | Chinese | Species | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icy white | 冰种 | Jadeite | Semi-transparent, often with a faint blue or green tint and a glass-like inner glow. The term describes translucency, so icy jadeite also comes in other colors |
| Glassy white | 玻璃种 | Jadeite | Close to transparent and rarer still; like icy, the term describes translucency rather than color |
| Mutton-fat white | 羊脂白 | Nephrite | Warm off-white with the soft, almost greasy luster of polished fat; subtle translucency at the edges |
| Chicken-bone white | 鸡骨白 | Nephrite | Opaque, chalky porcelain white with a stony look; the same name is used for ancient buried jade that has turned white |
| Sugar white | 糖白 | Nephrite | White nephrite with areas of brownish sugar color in the same stone |
White jadeite gets its color from what is missing: it has almost none of the elements, such as chromium, manganese and iron, that color other jade, and light scattering inside the stone decides whether it looks opaque or nearly transparent. White is also one of the most imitated colors. What the Chinese market calls Afghan jade is calcite, and Han white jade, despite its name, is marble; both are sold as white jade. In Chinese tradition white stands for purity, integrity and peace, and our guide to white jade meaning explains how to tell the two white materials, and the stones that pass for them, apart.
Yellow jade: chicken-fat and honey yellow
Yellow jadeite usually forms from the outside in. Its color comes from iron oxides that seep into the boulder as it weathers, so the yellow sits in the skin of a stone whose interior is white or green, and carvers use that layer for two-tone pieces. That is also why yellow is uncommon rather than scarce: yellow jadeite turns up often enough, but yellow that is both strong and translucent is rare.
| Common trade name | Chinese | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Chicken-fat yellow | 鸡油黄 | Deep, dense, buttery yellow. The most prized yellow, traditionally linked to prosperity and standing |
| Honey yellow | 蜜糖黄 | Warm, soft, amber-leaning yellow with golden depth |
| Pale yellow | 淡黄色 | Softer, sometimes with cream or off-white undertones. Often combined with other colors in carved pieces |
| Brown-yellow | 棕黄色 | Overlaps into brown; darker, earth-toned. Lower in the hierarchy but used effectively in traditional carving |
Yellow was China's imperial color: under the Qing dynasty, bright yellow was reserved for the emperor and the most senior women of the court. In modern feng shui, yellow jade stands for wealth that builds slowly and stays put. Our guide to yellow jade meaning explains how yellow jadeite differs from yellow nephrite and from the dyed quartzite widely sold under the same name.
Black jade: protection and grounding
Before you call a piece black jade, hold it to a strong light. Most black jadeite, sold as mo cui (ink jadeite), is often rich in omphacite and iron: it looks black in reflected light and shows dark green or blue-green when light shines through it. Some black and gray jadeite is darkened by graphite instead, and it doesn't turn green under the light. Very high chromium, in kosmochlor, can also read as black. In nephrite, black can come from a high iron content, as GIA documented in black nephrite from Guangxi, or from graphite, as in black nephrite from Xinjiang's Karakash River. The trade sorts black jade by what the light shows:
| Common trade name | What it looks like | How to tell |
|---|---|---|
| True black | Opaque, jet-black throughout | No green undertones visible even under bright light. This describes the look, not the cause, since a thick piece can hide green. Rare in jadeite, more common in nephrite |
| Dark green read as black | Appears black at first glance | Reveals deep emerald or forest green when held to strong backlight. Most material sold as "black jade" |
| Black with green flashes | Distinct color zones | Deep black areas with brighter green sections. Often used for dragon and warrior carvings |
Black jade itself isn't rare, but an even, deep true black is much harder to find, and black is a favorite of imitators: in the market, mo cui is most often copied with dyed serpentine and dyed low-grade jadeite. In Chinese tradition black is linked to keeping wealth and turning away bad luck, as our guide to black jade meaning explains.
Red jade: vitality and ceremonial fire
Red jade is common; true red is not. Red jadeite gets its color from iron oxides in the weathered rind, so it often appears as a red skin on a stone whose interior is white or green. The trade has no fixed color standard for red, and when I buy red rough, I sort it by how strongly the red sits over its yellow base:
| Grade | Chinese | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Orange | 橙黄翡 | Orange to yellow-orange. The most common color in red-yellow rough, where it floats in the hazy layer under the skin |
| Orange-red | 橙红 | A warm red with an orange cast. Most of what the market sells as red jadeite |
| True red | 正红, also 鸡冠红 "cockscomb red" | A full, even red. The top grade, usually coarse; true red with icy or better translucency is the rarest jade I have seen |
Customers sometimes ask whether orange counts as red jade. In the trade it belongs to the same red-yellow family, and some customers prefer orange-red for everyday wear. Much of the strong, even red on the market has been heated, and our guide to red jade meaning explains how natural, heated and dyed red differ and why red is a favorite for a Chinese zodiac year.
Blue jade: blue water, Olmec blue and true blue
Blue jade's trade names mostly describe how a stone looks, not where it was mined. The exception is Olmec blue, a gray-blue named after the ancient Olmec, whose blue jade has been traced to deposits near the Motagua River valley in Guatemala, the best-known source of natural blue jadeite. Blue water comes from both Myanmar and Guatemala, while qingshui, the softer blue-green where green leads, comes mostly from Myanmar. Most blue jade sits between blue and green, and its trade names say which color leads:
| Variant | Chinese | Usually found in | What it looks like |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olmec blue | None | Guatemala | The historical blue used by Maya and Olmec carvers. Slightly gray-blue with variability across a single piece |
| Blue water jade | 蓝水 | Myanmar and Guatemala | Translucent jadeite where blue leads and green trails, sometimes called "ice blue." A modern collector category, highly valued in Asian markets |
| Qingshui | 晴水 | Myanmar | Translucent, soft blue-green where green leads |
| True blue | None | Rare anywhere | Distinctly blue without strong green or gray undertones. The rarest blue |
Blue depends on translucency more than any other color. Traders sum up blue water with a saying: a little less translucency, ten times grayer. In practice the blue dulls toward gray quickly as clarity drops, which is why a buyer new to jade can easily end up with a dull, grayish blue. Blue is also the color people buy for its look rather than for luck: few blue buyers ask about wealth or holding value. Classical Chinese used one word, qing, for blue and green, so blue shares green's ties to growth, and our guide to blue jade meaning covers its meanings and how blue water got its name.
Multi-color jade: the rare combinations
Some of the most prized jade combines several colors in one stone, and the trade has names for the combinations.
| Combination | Chinese | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| Three-color jade | 三彩玉 | One piece showing three distinct colors, typically green/white/lavender or green/white/red |
| Fu Lu Shou jade | 福禄寿翡翠 | Red, green and purple together; the three colors carry the wishes for happiness, prosperity and long life |
| Moss-in-snow | 白底青 | White jadeite with bright green moss-like inclusions |
| Floating flower jade | 飘花翡翠 | Predominantly white or icy jadeite with wisps or clouds of green or lavender drifting through |
| Spring with color | 春带彩 | Lavender and green in one piece, also called 春带翠; spring is the trade's word for purple |
Multi-color stones reward careful carving, because a carver can place each color where the design needs it: a pixiu with a green body, a white face and lavender eyes, made into a pendant for a jade necklace. No two stones share the same color distribution, so every multi-color piece is one of a kind.
Other jade colors: orange, brown, gray and pink
Orange, brown, gray and pink are natural jade colors too. This guide covers them here because each one shades into a main color above: orange and brown into red and yellow, gray into green and black, and pink into lavender.
Orange jade
Orange jade is real and shares red jade's cause: the same iron oxides in the weathered rind produce orange where the red is weaker, which makes orange the first grade of the red range above. Sellers use "orange jade," "amber jade" and "orange-red" loosely, because orange is a point on one red-orange-brown range rather than a separate material. In Chinese tradition orange is grouped with red and shares its Fire symbolism of celebration and good fortune; in Western crystal practice, orange stones are matched to the sacral chakra and associated with creativity and warmth.
Brown jade
Brown jade is natural: in jadeite, brown is the darker end of the same iron-stained range that gives yellow and red, and in nephrite it is the sugar-colored staining the trade calls sugar jade. Brown is usually valued below clean yellow or red, though carvers use it well in two-tone pieces. In modern feng shui, brown is an Earth color tied to stability, and in Western crystal practice brown stones are associated with grounding and matched to the root chakra.
Gray jade
Gray (or grey) jade is natural and usually owes its tone to iron. In jadeite, gray-green material is part of what the trade calls oil green, a darker, duller green with a gray cast; in Hetian nephrite, gray-green and smoky stones are sold under names such as qing yu and yan qing. Gray jade has no separate meaning in Chinese tradition and is usually read with green or black, depending on which way its tone leans.
Pink jade
Pink jadeite exists as the pinkest end of lavender, the shade the trade calls fen zi, pink lavender. Bright, candy-pink "jade" is usually dyed material or a different stone, such as dyed quartzite. Pink jade carries lavender's meanings: good fortune on its way in Chinese tradition, and calm and spiritual awareness in crystal practice.
Frequently asked questions about jade colors
Is jade a color?
Jade is both. "Jade green" is a color name, and jade is also a stone that comes in many colors besides green. What makes a stone jade in the first place is covered in our guide to jade the stone.
What is the rarest color of jade?
Vivid true red is the rarest color of jade in my experience: natural red jadeite with icy or better translucency is the rarest jade I have seen in all my years of buying rough. True blue and clean three-color stones such as Fu Lu Shou are also very hard to find. Rarest is not the same as most expensive, though: fine imperial green commands the highest prices.
What is the best jade color?
No jade color is best for everyone. For value, imperial green leads and lavender comes next; for everyday wear, the best color is the one that suits where you'll wear it, and the section on choosing a color below shows which colors our customers pick and why.
What color jade is lucky?
No jade color is lucky by rule: the lucky colors are folk sayings, not fixed customs. Customers of Chinese heritage ask us about it often, in words like "What color jade brings the most money? I want one that brings me luck," or, when the jade is a gift for an older relative, "By the old sayings, what color of jade is luckiest to wear?" The usual readings are in the meanings chart above, such as green for income and a rising career, black for keeping what you have and white for peace and safety. These are wishes, not promises. The color worth choosing is one you like and will actually wear, because a piece bought for a lucky color and then left in a drawer does nothing for anyone.
Is darker or lighter jade better?
Neither darker nor lighter jade is better by default: value and appeal depend on the specific color, its saturation, evenness and translucency. In green jadeite, a medium-deep, vivid, evenly distributed color is typically most valuable: too dark reads as black or muddy, too light reads as washed out. In lavender, the saturated colors are generally more prized than the palest. In white, it depends on the material: in jadeite the clearest white is at the top, and in nephrite the warm cream of mutton fat.
Can jade change color over time?
Jade does not change color in any meaningful way under normal wear: the color of Type A jadeite and natural nephrite sits in the stone itself, and GIA notes that jade is stable to light, so sunlight won't fade it. The surface can change. Most jade is finished with a thin polishing wax that wears off with regular wear, skin oil builds up, and different lighting changes what you see, so a piece that looks dull or yellowish is usually dirty or has lost its wax; our guide to cleaning discolored jade covers what to do. A real change in the color itself, such as fading, is worth a lab check, because the polymer or dye in treated jadeite can degrade.
Does jade changing color mean something spiritually?
In some folk and crystal traditions, jade that seems to change color is read as the stone absorbing misfortune on the wearer's behalf, the same way a cracked piece is read. The belief has real cultural weight, though physically it is the surface that changes, not the color inside natural jade.
Is jade color natural or dyed?
Jade color can be natural or dyed, and the eye can't always tell which. Dye tends to collect along fractures and grain boundaries and can look brighter than natural stone, but these are clues, not proof; a lab report is the reliable answer, and our article on how labs test jade explains what the tests show. Dyed jade isn't always a bad buy: sold honestly as dyed, at a dyed-jade price, it can be a fine decorative piece. The problem is dyed jade sold as natural Type A.
Why is my jade two different colors?
Jade can be two colors naturally: many stones contain several colors because trace-element levels varied as they formed, and multi-color jade such as green and white, lavender and green, or three-color Fu Lu Shou is often prized. The number of colors proves nothing about treatment either way. Gradual, irregular transitions are typical of natural color, while color concentrated along cracks or in the gaps between grains can be a warning sign.
How color affects jade value
Color affects jade value more than any other single factor: GIA names color as jadeite's most important value factor, followed by transparency and texture. Imperial green sits at the top, and lavender comes next.
Below those two, no fixed order holds. Fine icy white, chicken-fat yellow, true red, blue water and fine black can each outprice an ordinary green, because translucency, texture, clarity, size and craftsmanship decide where a given piece lands. Two pieces with the same chromium content can look spectacular or unremarkable depending on whether the texture is fine and the stone translucent, and a pale apple-green piece with fine texture can outprice a deeper green that is coarse or opaque. Photographs exaggerate color and flatten texture, and texture is where much of the price sits.
All of this assumes Type A jadeite or natural nephrite. Type B and Type C jadeite, bleached and filled with polymer or dyed, has little resale value whatever its color. Buying for meaning and buying for value are different decisions, a trade-off our look at whether jade is a good investment works through, and our jade price guide keeps current figures by color and grade.
What color jade should you wear?
Start with where you'll wear the piece and which meaning appeals to you, then let your own taste and skin tone settle the shade. Our customers' choices show the patterns:
| Color | Who buys it most | Usual reason |
|---|---|---|
| Green | Men and women about equally; about four in five buy for themselves | Everyday wear; as a gift, the same occasions as white plus Lunar New Year |
| White | About seven in ten are women buying for themselves; most of the rest are men buying for a woman | Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, anniversaries and birthdays |
| Lavender | More than nine in ten are women; men buy it almost only as a gift | Gifts for mothers and older relatives, then anniversaries |
| Yellow | Almost all women | Trying a different look |
| Black | About four in five are men buying for themselves; the rest are mostly women buying for a man | Low-key everyday wear |
| Red | About four in five are women | Their own zodiac year and Lunar New Year |
| Light blue | More than nine in ten are women, mostly aged 20 to 35 | Everyday wear, usually stud earrings, a small pendant or a fine chain |
| Deep blue | Men, and older women of Chinese heritage | Understated wear for work and business; men choose plain tablets and rings |
A few patterns run through those numbers. Light green and white are the easiest colors to wear every day, and light blue is one of the colors younger American customers take to most readily, since they don't feel jade has to be green. Among our customers, lavender is the usual gift for a mother or an older relative. Men lean to black, deep green and deep blue, almost always for themselves. Red is the color for a zodiac year or Lunar New Year. Blue is almost never a gift and rarely a first piece: most of our blue buyers come to it after green or white, once they can judge translucency.
Skin tone matters most in pieces worn close to the face, such as jade earrings. Warm-toned skin, with yellow, olive or golden undertones, tends to suit apple green, yellow, warm lavender and red; cool-toned skin, with pink or blue undertones, tends to suit imperial green, icy white, blue and cool lavender. These are guidelines, and the piece itself and your own taste matter more.
The form changes how a color reads, too. A jade bracelet shows translucency well, because light passes through the band as it wraps around the wrist, and our guide to jade bracelet colors covers how each bangle color is read. A carved pendant shows color across a larger surface, while a jade ring looks best in a vivid color, since a pale shade needs thickness to show, and many ring stones are small and shallow.
I've bought rough at the Hpakant mine pits in Myanmar since 2016, finished it in our own workshop in Kunming, and handled jade in every color this guide covers. At BMjade we sell certified Type A jadeite and natural Hetian nephrite. If you're torn between two colors, tell me through our contact page where you'll wear the piece, and I'll tell you which I'd choose. More about how we work is on our About us page.
Sources
- Gemological Institute of America. "Jade Quality Factors." Accessed October 2026.
- SSEF Swiss Gemmological Institute. "Jade, Stone of Gods: Terms, Concepts, Certification." Accessed October 2026.
- Zhang, Yu, Guanghai Shi, and Jiabao Wen. "Manganese-Rich Chromite in Myanmar Jadeite Jade: A Critical Source of Chromium and Manganese and Its Role in Coloration." Crystals 15, no. 8 (2025): 704.
- Huang, Zhaoying, et al. "'Ice Jade' from Guatemala." Gems & Gemology 60, no. 1 (Spring 2024).
- Hughes, Richard W., et al. "Burmese Jade: The Inscrutable Gem." Gems & Gemology 36, no. 1 (Spring 2000).
